For the Mediterranean region—and thus for the Romance languages—contact between the Arab, Jewish, Byzantine, and Latin worlds played a decisive role throughout the Middle Ages. The emergence of knowledge cultures, and in particular the history of medicine, was also profoundly shaped by these interconnections that transcended linguistic and religious boundaries. The ALMA project, which has been Academies' Programme by the Academies' Programme since fall 2022, aims to investigate the development of Romance languages of knowledge from 1100 to 1500 and to shed light on the cognitive-conceptual and linguistic aspects of this process. One of the domains that the project examines paradigmatically is medicine, a domain significantly shaped by cultural contact and knowledge transfer between ancient Greek, Jewish, and Arabic traditions and the emerging reception of medieval Latin and Romance vernaculars. The planned conference will examine this polycentric knowledge transfer as one of the central prerequisites for the linguistic development processes analyzed by ALMA. In dialogue with researchers from the fields of history, the history of knowledge and science, textual philology, and linguistics, the conference aims to investigate the constellations that enable contact and transfer processes—processes of demarcation or appropriation—in the domain of medical knowledge. This will create the conditions for embedding conceptual and linguistic changes within their respective contexts of reception and production and for making their historical contingency transparent.