For the Mediterranean region and thus for the Romance languages, contact between the Arab, Jewish, Byzantine, and Latin worlds played a decisive role throughout the Middle Ages. The emergence of knowledge cultures and, in particular, the history of medicine were also strongly influenced by these interconnections across linguistic and religious boundaries. The ALMA project, which has been funded by the Academies' Program since fall 2022, aims to investigate the expansion of Romance languages of knowledge from 1100 to 1500 and to shed light on the cognitive-conceptual and linguistic aspects of this process. One of the domains that the project examines paradigmatically is medicine, a domain that is significantly influenced by cultural contact and knowledge transfer between ancient Greek, Jewish, and Arabic traditions and the emerging reception of Medieval Latin and Romance vernacular languages. The planned conference will examine this polycentric knowledge transfer as one of the central prerequisites for the linguistic expansion processes analyzed by ALMA. In dialogue with researchers from the fields of history, the history of knowledge (and science), textual philology, and linguistics, the constellations that enable contact and transfer processes—processes of demarcation or appropriation—in the domain of medical knowledge will be examined. This will create the conditions for embedding conceptual and linguistic change in their respective contexts of reception and production and making their historical contingency transparent.