The paleobiological unit focuses on the reconstruction of human habitats from three million until 20,000 years ago. This period relates to the development of culture (see research unit 'Culture') and corresponds to the Late Pliocene and Pleistocene in terms of geology. The Pleistocene bears witness to the appearance and evolution of the genus Homo in Africa, the initial dispersal within and beyond Africa, the early spread across Eurasia, and many other regional migration events to follow. We describe the environments inhabited by humans, and characterize and explain the specific relationships that led humans to prefer or avoid particular habitats, thereby restricting their geographic distribution. Our task is to analyze vegetation, climate, faunal, and landscape parameters for resource availability and use these factors as a major aspect in the development of resource cultures that accompany the process of "becoming human" (in cooperation with research units 'Hominins' and 'Culture').

The genus Homo evolved in Sub-Saharan Africa. Despite having access to stone technology as well as changing dietary preferences, representatives of the genus Homo were restricted to this area for a period of hundreds of thousands of years. Early human environments are generally described by their main components, for instance climate, vegetation, fauna, biomes, landscape forms, and other relevant features of the landscapes. Such descriptions of the environment encompass all environmental factors within the spatio-temporal realm defined by the distribution of a biological or social hominin group of interest. Summaries of such parameters permit the characterization of hominin environments in a general sense in order to make them comparable. We apply the concept of "ecospace" in such characterizations. By comparing the ecospace of different regions of the world at different times or among diverse hominin taxa, we can describe the habitats available for human habitation. Therefore, our analyses begin with detailed descriptions of hominin habitats, including those environments which humans had not yet inhabited.

It is the specific ecology that relates human individuals, groups, and species with their habitats. In order to ensure survival, hominins will stay in habitats where they can supply themselves with all resources required. Therefore, a group relates to its environment primarily through resource availability. The resource space provides all of the basic requirements for a group, including food (plants and animals), water, shelter, combustibles, raw materials, and other material or immaterial items. Each group exploits the resources provided by their habitat guided by specific cultural capacities and according to their individual and/or social performances. Thus, the resource space of a group may differ through time as cultural performances or conditions in their environment change. The resource space may even vary for different groups coexisting at the same time in the same region. To understand and assess the implications of changing environmental conditions through geological time on the resource space of early humans and their changing culture, and thus on their potential to expand, we compile data on:

− Paleogeographic changes (e.g., sea level, mountain uplift, drainage systems, and/or glaciation patterns)

− Climatic changes (e.g., temperature, precipitation, climatic seasonality)

− Vegetation dynamics (e.g., vegetation type, openness of vegetation, biomes)

− Ecological profiles of faunas (e.g., ecological composition, density, frequency, biome linkage).

We collect such data in ROAD. The data stem from literature research, supplemented by the results of our own studies, including fieldwork, work in museum collections, and in the laboratory.

Relating humans with their habitats is performed in two different ways:

1) By mapping human groups and features of their environments and dynamics (supported by research unit 'Integration')

2) By characterizing and analyzing specific resource spectra upon which human groups depended (supported by research units 'Hominins' and 'Culture') and dynamic changes at various scales.

In the paleoanthropological part of the project, we explore the biocultural differentiation in hominin evolution between three million and 20,000 years ago. In the course of this process, hominin species, especially of the genus Homo, acquired new modes of living and entered previously inaccessible environments. The process is characterized by physical, cognitive, and behavioral developments resulting from the broadening of ecological relations associated with a progressive release from habitat restrictions, and an increasingly generalist biological setting that allowed for wider ranges of distinct cultural modes of living. As a result, these developments enlarged the potential for human expansion and enabled hominins to explore and occupy new ecological niches and geographical areas.

At the onset of the research center, we focused on the study of physical parameters, but over time, we broadened the list of traits relevant to "becoming human." Progress during the last years with regard to physical, cognitive, and behavioral developments made it clear that understanding the nature of "becoming human" as a process with interdependent cultural and biological factors requires the study of features of all of these spheres and the exploration of their interdependencies with each other and the social and material environment. A locomotor apparatus specialized for bipedal endurance running has its complement in generalized hands with possibilities for power as well as precision grip, which together allow for diverse object manipulations.

Changing energy budgets accompany increasing brain size. Neuron density and neural metabolism go hand in hand with digestive systems of a mainly less specialized masticatory apparatus. Altered gastrointestinal organs shift dietary composition and probably gut microbiomes as well. The decrease in sexual dimorphism is likely a sign of broader social tolerance. Extensions of the childhood phase in human life histories enable longer learning phases in engagement with increasingly complex social and material environments. Extensions of the post-reproductive phase combined with intensification of alloparental care provide the opportunity to reduce birth spacing, thus increasing birth rates and augmenting cultural transfer across not only one, but several generations.

Human evolution went hand-in-hand with a markedly growing range of social activities. These activities gained importance in the amalgamation and transfer of knowledge and skills closely linked to increasing complexity in technological behavior. Active transfer of knowledge and skills relies on social tolerance and group cohesion, which in turn require additional effort in prosocial behavior and communication. Increasing cooperative activities facilitated specialization. The number of interacting conspecifics and the frequency as well as range of social interactions increased exponentially during human evolution. Parallel to and interdependent with social engagement, material engagement expanded in human evolution, resulting in engagements between individuals, their conspecifics, and material elements of the environment. The development of cumulative culture gave rise to an intensification in traditions and innovations. Associated cognitive developments relate to the fields of learning, perception, memory, planning, understanding of causalities, and execution of complex processes and relationships.

Following the identification of physical, cognitive, and behavioral parameters related to “becoming human,” we examine these traits separately and in relation to one another. This supports the identification, characterization, and evaluation of hominin ecological relations. Based on these, we can assess ecological specificity and the expansion potential of hominin populations. By identifying relevant physical, cognitive, and behavioral parameters and studying their interrelatedness, this research unit provides fundamental documentary and conceptual work, which serves as a basis for further analyses of ecological relations and potentials for expansion in cooperation with the other research units.

The research unit ‘Cultural Evolution’ represents the archaeological part of the research center. Here we explore the increasing role that culture played as hominins expanded their home range in Africa and Eurasia between three million and 20,000 years ago. This long span of time begins with the advent of stone artifacts and ends during the Last Glacial Maximum. Simply stated, we consider three factors as potential drivers of expansions into new regions: 1) the unfolding of material culture as represented in the archaeological record; 2) the broadening of the cultural niche; and, 3) increases in cultural capacities. In terms of material culture, we study the increases in cultural capacities and cultural performances during four main periods of human behavioral evolution spanning the Oldowan, Acheulean, Middle Paleolithic/Middle Stone Age, and Upper Paleolithic periods.

As we investigate the spatial and chronological distribution of different cultural developments, signs of innovations that delivered an increased potential for niche and territorial expansion for early humans become visible. Advancements in the production of stone tools, the diversification of the tool kit, developments in the acquisition of different raw materials, the increased use of organic artifacts, the use and control of fire, the production of fitted clothing, and the ways that these behaviors contributed to improving the subsistence strategies of humans can all be seen as critical innovations. Moreover, the presence of artifacts with symbolic meaning, such as ornaments, figurative art, or musical instruments, are important indicators of behavioral modernity, a trend which arises at the end of the Middle Stone Age in Africa and during the transition from Middle to Upper Paleolithic in Eurasia.

We examine the links between key technological and symbolic innovations that occur in the context of the spread of modern humans out of Africa and across Eurasia. We assess artifact assemblages, for instance, based on richness and their place within an economic and settlement system. We do this by studying lithic reduction sequences, interpreting the function of lithic and organic assemblages, and by analyzing the choice and provisioning of raw materials. Artifact typology also plays a role as a cultural marker in the case of handaxes, Levallois technology, Howiesons Poort segments, or split-based bone points, as these artifacts help to assess cultural affiliations. Analyses of tool diversity and other indices calculated from lithic assemblages allow us to deduce land use and mobility patterns of hominin groups.

We record data on lithics and organic artifacts, as well as additional traits such as the use of pigments, the presence and nature of burials, personal ornaments, artworks, and similar archaeological data not only from existing publications, but also via the study of existing collections and within the context of our own excavations. Sites providing excellent conditions to study these different aspects are located, for example, in Africa, Arabia, and the Levant, along the Mediterranean coast and the Danube Corridor, as well as in South and East Asia. These data allow us to interpret the archaeological assemblages in question and spatially analyze them and specific traits they contain using our integrative GIS approach.

In addition to specialized tasks related to the different levels of integration, as described in more detail below, the research unit ‘Integration’ implements and maintains a research network that brings domestic collaborators, foreign contributors, and co-workers together. We hold periodic meetings and workshops, organize international conferences, and upon completion of different project modules, present the results to a larger scientific audience.

This research unit is subdivided into three parts: Part 1 focuses on GIS, database development, and environmental modeling; Part 2 examines indicators, models, scenarios—cultural characterization of hominins in their environment; and Part 3 studies theoretical issues, heuristic comparisons, methodological structuring, development of hypotheses, and testing.

Part 1: GIS, Database, Environmental Modeling

Part 1 ‘Integration’ aims to provide an integrative database structure for the project. This is realized through a Geographical Information System (GIS) used for spatiotemporal analysis of the data. Thus, data collected by the other research units, as well as that provided by cooperation partners, are consolidated and, after thorough quality control, made available for interdisciplinary research. Furthermore, we generate new information about the early expansions of humans by conducting sophisticated parameter connection using web-based information systems.

The studies are carried out on different spatial (survey maps, regional maps) and temporal scales with corresponding modeling (e.g., interpolation, geostatistics, object orientation). They include reconstructions of paleoenvironment (e.g., climate, vegetation, land/sea distribution), as well as cultural development (e.g., centrality, periphery) and the spatiotemporal changes in different epochs (e.g., habitats and their utilization, demographic trends, "paleotraffic geography"). Simultaneously, the studies encompass control and precision analysis of the localization of the sites. These studies support analyses of the causes of expansions, test basic hypotheses, and develop transformation models.

Such a project requires the long-term arrangement of the database system with standardized metadata for permanent data storage and flexible data management with simultaneous updates of datasets of spatial (sites) and itemized information (attached specifications). This includes:

− Data evaluation (e.g., collection by digitization, data mining)

− Data management, administration, and analysis

− Data presentation in the form of a web-based information system

− Controlled data exchange between project partners (metadata portal)

− Controlled external access with brief retrieval periods

− Presentation of the project results.

Part 2: Indicators, Models, Scenarios

Part 2 focuses on integrating various types of empirical data into a uniform modeling framework. The model reflects culturally specific ways in which humans relate to their environments in order to ensure provisioning with required resources. These specific relationships direct land-use and resource patterns, as well as mobility behavior, as reflected in migration and dispersal patterns on a larger scale.

Agent-based modeling (ABM) provides an ideal modeling framework in this respect, particularly for two reasons. First, a diversity of factors can be integrated regardless of their disciplinary background, as long as their impact on the spatial behavior of humans and human groups can be principally quantified. Second, because ABM is a simulation-based approach, it allows us to develop a framework in which competing hypotheses can be tested for their explanatory performance. Furthermore, ABM is ideally suited for experimentation in prehistoric systems. This research unit develops case-specific models on a variety of chronological and spatial scales. Every model integrates datasets provided by other parts of the ROCEEH project.

Part 3: Theoretical Issues

The aim of Part 3 is twofold: First, we provide the theoretical-methodological framework of the project and monitor ongoing methodological reflections; second, as we ensure the validity of these transdisciplinary results over the long term, we define basic concepts clearly in a process that incorporates all participating scientific disciplines. For example, previous discussions involved precisely defining terms such as: 1) Homo vs. human; 2) dispersal, expansion, migration, translocation; 3) different forms of expansions—ecospace, resource space, range; 4) supply systems; 5) development vs. evolution; and 6) nature vs. culture.

Our scientists examine transdisciplinary questions that cannot be accommodated by just one of the discipline-specific research units. These questions comprise aspects that are methodologically central to the project, such as tracing population expansions in the archaeological context, or examining factors believed to be central to the development and dispersal of modern human populations. Approaches to the study of the adaptive value of different technologies, the importance of tradition versus innovation in a society, the evolution of individual communicative abilities including language and social organization all need to be studied in a broader context. Additionally, approaches from other disciplines which are beyond the main scope of the project (e.g., from ethnography, economics, sociology, linguistics, genetics) can be reviewed and critically evaluated for their potential of tracing developments in the archaeological record. Thus, the integrative research unit generates additional hypotheses through heuristic comparisons that can be subsequently tested using the pool of data created by the other research units. The results of these studies are integrated into the modeling of early human expansions, their causes, and consequences.

Becoming Human

Neanderthal material and resource cultures and land use patterns in changing environments

In order to deduce behavioral and land use patterns of Neanderthals in changing environments, we selected 53 assemblages from 36 localities dating to MIS 6 as a distinct cold period and 55 assemblages from 34 localities dating to MIS 5e as a distinct warm period. Since we only considered well-stratified and well-dated assemblages, this ROAD dataset is probably the most reliable and comprehensive one for this time span. For these selected assemblages, we analyzed material culture and seasonal dynamics in the availability of herbivores and plant food resources.

As first interim results, we found out that, despite significant climatic changes between MIS 6 and MIS 5e, lithic technology and resource cultures of early Neanderthals changed only slightly. They show flexible and adaptive solutions to deal with seasonally varying availability of resources.

Further analyses, applying for instance methods of association rule mining (machine learning and data mining) as well as in-depth analyses for given geographic areas and comparisons between these areas are currently underway. Moreover, we presently design an ABM which allows to test and compare a variety of (regionally specific) subsistence strategies.

ROCEEH

With a growing amount of data available through ROAD, external databases, and global geodata, quantitative analyses are useful both to reduce the amount of data to highlight aspects of interest and to generate new or missing information from existing data. Methods from the family of machine learning and data mining are suitable for the analysis of highly diverse data, which is why they can be well applied to archaeological questions that integrate a variety of cultural, anthropological, and paleoenvironmental dimensions. However, this approach also poses a challenge because even 'large' prehistoric datasets are small compared to common applications and often biased. For this reason, we avoid black-box systems in our work and prefer exploratory data analyses in which the expert knowledge of domain specialists is incorporated in many steps: in the selection of the training data, the generation of the feature space, the interpretation of the model, and, of course, the critical reflection of the results. Our current focus lies on frequent pattern mining to examine the relationship between lithic tool types and mobility patterns and species distribution models to reconstruct early humans' ecological niches.

Expansions of hominin performances

The search for symbolic behavior

ROCEEH explores the expansion of cultural capacities associated with the origin of symbolic behavior, including expressions of art and music. Many of its own research projects provide evidence for cognitive complexity in early modern humans, for example, through carved figurines, flutes, and personal ornaments made of worked ivory, antler, and bone from the Swabian Jura of Germany and perforated shells from the Levant and Caucasus. These artifacts give us ideas about how the makers of these innovative objects viewed personal and group identity.

The Upper Paleolithic inhabitants of Sefunim Cave (Israel) collected shells from the Mediterranean coastline to use as ornaments. (Photo: University of Tübingen)

Art, musical instruments, and personal ornaments have been found at several sites in the Swabian Jura in southwestern Germany. (Photo: University of Tübingen)

Transition from Neanderthals to modern humans

One focal point of ROCEEH is to study the changes in human behavior that occurred during the time that modern humans first expanded out of Africa and encountered Neanderthals in Eurasia. Several research projects cover this pivotal time, as technological behaviors which dominated for almost two hundred thousand years were broadly replaced by new ways of doing things that were associated with the arrival of modern humans. Not only do we observe dramatic changes in stone tools, we also see new types of behaviors. These expansions of hominin performances show an increased use of new materials—especially ivory, antler, bone, and shell—to make organic tools such as points and needles as well as symbolic artifacts related to the expansion of art and music. A key region for studying the transition from late Neanderthals to early anatomically modern humans is the Swabian Jura in southwestern Germany with its famous cave sites, six of which were assigned UNESCO World Cultural Heritage status in 2017.

A view of the limestone cliffs at Geißenklösterle (Germany) as seen from the floor of the Ach Valley. (Photo: University of Tübingen)
 

Expansions of hominin resource space

PlantBITES - A database for plant resources in early human environments

The PlantBITES database is a tool for considering the full range of dominant plant species in different vegetation units, their seasonal availability, and their potential uses. The database serves to assess the amount and variety of obtainable food (and other) resources that were available to early humans. It also examines the techniques necessary for exploiting and using plant resources. Such data make a crucial contribution to answering questions about how early humans with different technological abilities could have used plants in different environments.

The number of edible plant parts available increases with increasing technological skills. In this example, savannas in Southern Africa provide especially more edible seeds and leaves according to different cultural practices. Underground storage organs (USOs) are roots, tubers, rhizomes; 'greens' include leaves, stems, sprouts, flowers, buds; 'others' are sap, bark, and wood. (Graphic: B. Groscurth)

Modeling Environmental Dynamics and Hominin Dispersals Around the Mid-Pleistocene Revolution (METHOD)

International Focus Group (IFG) #1604F funded by INQUA

Contact:
info[at]method-ifg.com

Project participants:
Christine Hertler, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
Jesús Rodríguez, Burgos, Spain
Ana Mateos, Burgos, Spain
Maria Rita Palombo, Rome, Italy

The Mid-Pleistocene Revolution (MPR) marks a period of profound reconfigurations in global ecosystems caused by climate change driven by variations in orbital forcing taking place around one million years ago. Changes in climate drastically affect vegetation, thus leading to significant faunal turnovers in Europe and elsewhere. Hominins responded to these changes in various ways, at the population level by adapting their reproductive strategies, thus controlling population densities, at the behavioral level by acquiring new ways of resource acquisition and management, and finally also by shifting distribution patterns and dispersing into new environments. The METHOD IFG network studies environments and hominin responses across diverse spatial, chronological, and biological scales. We make use of a range of modeling techniques (e.g., agent-based modeling, network modeling) and simulation. Furthermore, we create a web-based toolbox to explore a larger range of databases.

• Rodríguez, J., Mateos, A., Hertler, C., Palombo, M. R. (2016): Modeling human presence and environmental dynamics during the Mid-Pleistocene Revolution: New approaches and tools. Quaternary International 393: 19-23.
• Rodríguez, J., Mateos, A., Hertler, C., Palombo, M. R. (2016): The power of models: Mathematical approaches to the study of human-fauna interactions in the Pleistocene. Quaternary International 413:2-6.
• Volmer, R., Hertler, C. (2016): The effect of competition on shared food resources in carnivore guilds. Quaternary International 413: 32-43.
• Hölzchen, E., Hertler, C., Timm, I., Lorig, F. (2016): Evaluation of Out of Africa hypotheses by means of agent-based modeling. Quaternary International 413: 78-90.
• Timm, I., Lorig, F., Hölzchen, E. Hertler, C. (2016): Multi-scale Agent-based Simulation of Long-Term Dispersal Processes: Towards a Sophisticated Simulation Model of Hominin Dispersal. In: Barceló, J. A., del Castillo, F. (eds.): Simulating Prehistoric and Ancient Worlds. Springer, Cham, Switzerland. pp. 141-158.

Many of ROCEEH’s research projects delve into the relationship between humans and their environment. Some of these projects examine how early humans explored their habitats and found different natural resources to sustain themselves. Other projects study the effects that changing climate had on the environment to help reconstruct the interaction between the lifeways and habitats of these people. Using an integrated approach, we address many aspects of past landscapes including paleofauna, paleovegetation, and geomorphology. We investigate these aspects applying methods such as faunal analysis, palynology, non-invasive geophysical techniques, GIS, and remote sensing.

A prominent cliff line cuts across the Paleolithic survey of the region near Ma'aloula (Syria), north of Damascus. (Photo: University of Tübingen)

Expansions of Range

ROCEEH Out of Africa Database (ROAD)

At the core of the project is the compilation of data about archaeological and paleoanthropological sites within the chronological and geographic range. Information about the sites and their associated assemblages is accessible in different types of publications and databases. By collecting data systematically and placing it at the disposal of other researchers, ROCEEH freely offers access to information that is otherwise not readily accessible. Thus, ROCEEH enhances the knowledge available about the cultural heritage of our deep past. These data are organized in a multidisciplinary, web-based, geo-relational database known as ROAD (ROCEEH Out of Africa Database) with advanced geographical information system (GIS) functionality. Thus ROAD unifies geographical data about sites with information about their stratigraphy and the cultural finds those layers contain. In addition, ROAD assimilates information on human fossil history, fauna, flora, and climate, and provides this information to model early human habitats. In addition to compiling data systematically, the ROCEEH team analyzes the content of the ROAD database through case studies that examine different cultural phenomena. The results are integrated into a digital atlas detailing the development of humans and the environment.

Field Work

The ROCEEH research center is involved in many excavations around the world.

Find more information about ROCEEH's fieldwork in the research center in Tübingen and Frankfurt.

• PD Dr. Miriam N. Haidle
• Julia Hess, certified biologist
   

management

• Prof. Dr. Friedemann Schrenk

Employees

• Dr. Angela Bruch
• Claudia Groth
• Dr. Christine Hertler

doctoral students

• Susanne Krüger (paleobiology)
• Jan-Olaf Reschke (paleobiology)
• Quy T.K. Tran (Archaeobiology)
• Lisa Schiersch (paleobotany)
   

management

• Professor Nicholas J. Conard, PhD
• Prof. Dr. Volker Hochschild

Employees

• Zara Kanaeva, graduate in computer science
• Dr. Andrew W. Kandel
• Dr. Jesper Borre Pedersen
• Dr. Christian Sommer

doctoral students

• Xiangmei Kong (Early History)
• Firas Jabbour (early history)
• Bárbara Rodríguez Álvarez (Paleocognition)
• Svenja Schray (Early History)
   

• Prof. Dr. Zvi Ben-Avraham (Tel Aviv)
• Prof. Dr. Manfred Ehlers (Osnabrück)
• Dr. Marian Vanhaeren (Bordeaux)
• Prof. Dr. Thomas Holstein (Heidelberg), Chairman
• Prof. Dr. Lothar Ledderose (Heidelberg)
• Prof. Dr. Irmgard Männlein-Robert (Tübingen)
• Prof. Dr. Claudia Maienborn (Tübingen)
• Prof. Dr. Joseph Maran (Heidelberg), Deputy Chair
• Prof. Dr. Jürgen Richter (Cologne)
• Prof. Dr. Wulf Schiefenhövel (Andechs)
• Prof. Dr. Marie Soressi (Leiden)
• Prof. Dr. Mark Stoneking (Leipzig)

The ROCEEH graduate network brings together doctoral students, alumni from Frankfurt and Tübingen, as well as associated candidates and postgraduates from other projects and institutions. Currently, students from five disciplines are working together in our network: archaeology, anthropology, paleobiology, bioinformatics, and geography. The ROCEEH graduate network offers research opportunities, topics, and sometimes even jobs. At regular meetings, we discuss our latest findings and get inspiration for new ideas and joint projects. In 2020, for example, we co-organized the ROCEEH online conference "Human Origins - Digital Future (HODiF)".

We benefit in many ways from being part of the ROCEEH research center. We have researchers from different backgrounds as contacts, who offer us many opportunities for interdisciplinary exchange. We participate in various conferences, workshops, and field projects. We benefit from ROCEEH by receiving feedback on our work from an interdisciplinary group of supervisors who connect us with potential collaboration partners, broaden our individual horizons, and enrich our creative work.

ROCEEH Events

2023

ROCEEH Conference 'Ritual in Human Evolution - Interdisciplinary Perspectives'
October 4-6, 2023, Tübingen
Organized by R. Dapschauskas, S. Wolf, N.J. Conard, M.N. Haidle, M. Keysan

2 ROCEEH workshops: ROAD Database
September/October 2023, Sangiran and Jakarta, Indonesia
Organized by Christine Hertler

COST Action 19141 - Integrating Neanderthal Legacy (iNEAL). Workshop: Exploring and Using the ROAD Database, Madrid, Spain, September 27, 2023 (main organizer: Andrew Kandel), 30 participants

ROAD Workshop: Working on modeling the ROAD Database managed
June 2023, Paris
Organized by Christine Hertler as part of LATEUROPE 2023-2027

ROAD Workshop: LATEUROPE Modeling
April 11–14, 2023, Frankfurt/Main
Organized by Christine Hertler as part of LATEUROPE 2023–2027

ROAD Seminar – Introduction to Using the ROAD Database, University of Tübingen, October 2022 to February 2023, 10 participants

COST Action 19141 - Integrating Neanderthal Legacy (iNEAL) Workshop: ROCEEH & the ROAD database–A case study in classification, online, December 6, 2022 (co-organizer: Andrew Kandel), 20 participants

European Society for the Study of Human Evolution (ESHE). University of Tübingen, September 22–24, 2022 (co-organizer; co-funding by ROCEEH), 7 participants

Wenner-Gren Symposium. Modeling a Collaborative Archaeological Synthesis of Human Migration for a Long-Term, Global Perspective, Abidjan, Cote d’Ivoire, April 4–8, 2022 (co-organizer: Andrew Kandel), 50 participants

Conference 'Modes - Forms - Structures'
March 9-11, 2022, Karlsruhe
Organized by Mathias Gutmann (KIT, Karlsruhe), Marco Tamborini (TU Darmstadt), and Christine Hertler (ROCEEH)

EUROPEANS Workshop 'Simulating Human Behavior - Targeted Design of Agent-Based Models'
October 4-8, 2021 online
Organized by Christine Hertler, Jan-Olaf Reschke, Ingo Timm, Ericson Hölzchen, Jan-Ole Berndt, Jesus Rodríguez, and Ana Mateos

COST Action 19141 - Integrating Neanderthal Legacy (iNEAL) Workshop: An Overview of the ROCEEH Out of Africa Database (ROAD), October 6, 2021 (co-organizer Andrew Kandel), 40 participants

ROCEEH Conference 'Human Origins - Digital Future'
July 27-31, 2020 online
The ROCEEH Conference“Human Origins—Digital Future”presented and discussed integrative aspects and approaches to the development, use, and future securing of large scientific databases, especially within the context of anthropological research. The primary research question asks how databases with their innovative information technology can be used to gain new knowledge by retrieving and extracting archaeological, paleoanthropological, paleobiological, and paleogeographic information.
With this conference, we addressed core issues of digitization, including possibilities and problems of large, multi-layered databases. Although digital tools are widely applied in scientific projects, questions of linkage, targeted expansion, evaluation, and sustainable safeguarding of databases remain unresolved. New approaches including innovative methods of data mining and machine learning as well as deep learning and artificial intelligence were addressed.
3rd circular

ROAD Workshop for ROCEEHs - SQL Queries/Working with ROAD and ROADWeb, University of Tübingen, February 6, 2020, 10 participants

ARIADNE Workshop
January 27-29, 2020, Prato, Italy
ARIADNE/ROAD Workshop to connect database contents and infrastructure together with Prof. Franco Niccolucci and the ARIADNE team.
Organized by V. Hochschild, Zara Kanaeva, A. Kandel, and C. Sommer

METHOD IFG Workshop 2019: Modeling Humans and their behavior around the MPR–from data to models
April 29–30, 2019, Rome, Italy
organized by Maria-Rita Palombo, Donatella Magri, Christine Hertler, Jesus Rodriguez, and Ana Mateos at the Dept. of Geosciences at Sapienza University of Rome

Advanced Database Workshop for South Asia
June 3–28, 2019, Tübingen
course on the practical use of ROAD focusing on the prehistory of South Asia.
organized by Andrew Kandel, Zara Kanaeva, and Christian Sommer

An Overview of ROCEEH and the ROAD Database – Key Concepts and Project Goals, University of Cologne, December 2019, 20 participants, lecture by Andrew Kandel

Humboldt / German-Israeli Symposium, Frontiers of Humanities. Symposium on Prehistoric Archaeology, Academy of Sciences, Jerusalem, November 17–20, 2019 (co-organizer Andrew Kandel), 75 participants

MSA Workshop, University of Tübingen, June 20, 2019, 25 participants

Carbon-14 Workshop, Introduction to OxCal and the South African Radiocarbon Database, Emma Loftus (Cambridge), University of Tübingen, May 2019, 15 participants

METHOD Training Lab 2018-5: Computational Models in Palaeolithic Archaeology and Palaeoecology
November 27, 2018, Burgos, Spain
organized by Ana Mateos and Jesús Rodríguez at the Centro Nacional de Investigación sobre la Evolución Humana (CENIEH) and co-organized by Christine Hertler and Maria Rita Palombo

METHOD Workshop 2018-6: "We boldly went" - Advances and progress modeling the MPR
November 28-29, 2018, Burgos, Spain
organized by Ana Mateos and Jesús Rodríguez at CENIEH and co-organized by Christine Hertler and Maria Rita Palombo

ROAD Workshop - An introduction to ROCEEH and the ROAD database – Key concepts and project goals, Chandigarh, India, August 23-29, 2018, 25 participants

International Senckenberg Conference: Images, gestures, voices, lives. What can we learn from Palaeolithic art?
May 30 - June 2, 2018, Tübingen
organized by ROCEEH and Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment.
The Conference was funded by the DFG Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung.
venue:
Alte Aula, University Tübingen
Münzgasse 30
72070 Tübingen

Conference: Concepts of Culture for Research on Becoming Human Conference: Concepts of Culture for Research on Becoming Human
Heidelberg Academy of Sciences, Heidelberg, Germany, Nov 23-25, 2017

Organizers: Miriam Haidle, Christine Hertler, and the ROCEEH Team

Program, position paper, and group photo

Modeling Environmental Dynamics and Hominin Dispersals Around the Mid-Pleistocene Revolution (METHOD)Workshop 2017-II:
“Keep calm and boldly go” – Which factors in the environment drive early human expansions and have an impact on their settlements?
in Mauer, Germany, Apr 24–27, 2017

Organizers: Christine Hertler, Ericson Hölzchen, and Zara Kanaeva

Abstract

100+25 years of Homo erectus: Dmanisi and beyond
International Senckenberg Conference in Tbilisi, Georgia, Sep 20–24, 2016

Organized by:
Georgian National Museum
Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt/Main
ROCEEH Research Centre, Heidelberg Academy of Sciences and Humanities

Abstract & Report

Data availability, management, andstorage – Working with Databases in Sassari, Italy, September 13–15, 2016

Co-organizers and Program Representatives Christine Hertler, Ericson Hölzchen, Zara Kanaeva, Michael Märker

International ROCEEH Conference on Human Expansions
at Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt, Germany, July 13-17, 2015

Poster & Report

Workshop "The Role of the Southern Caucasus on Early Human Evolution and Expansion - Refuge, Hub or Source Area?"
at Georgian National Museum, Tbilisi, Georgia, Oct 15-20, 2013

Abstracts

EAAPP conference 2013
in Mombasa, Kenya, July 28-August 1, 2013

The research center supported the conference, which was organized by the East African Association of Paleoanthropology and Paleontology.

Workshop "Early Pleistocene Environmental Changes in Southern Caucasus – Reconstruction of Climate and Vegetation Development in Armenia and Georgia at the Time of Early Human Expansion into Eurasia"
Botanical Institute of the Armenian Academy of Sciences in Yerevan, Armenia, July 25-31, 2012

Program & Abstracts

"Environmental background of early hominin dispersal in Western Eurasia"
Senckenberg Research Station Weimar, Germany, Apr 19-20, 2012

workshop

Program

Symposium "Environment and culture of early humans in China and beyond"at Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt, Germany, February 26–March 3, 2012

Symposium "The Nature of Culture"
in Tübingen, Germany, June 15-18, 2011

Click here to learn more about ROCEEH's international symposium in June 2011, which focused on the evolution of cultural capacity... (read more)

3rd EAAPP conference "
" in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Aug 8-12, 2011

The research center supported the conference, which was organized by the East African Association of Paleoanthropology and Paleontology.

"Hominin Environment, Ecology and Dispersal"
Bernard Price Institute of Paleontology and Institute for Human Evolution, Johannesburg, South Africa, Nov. 9-10, 2010

Workshop South Africa 2010

Program & Abstracts

2nd EAAPP conference "
" in Arusha, Tanzania, Aug 16-20, 2009

The 50th anniversary of the first hominid find in Olduvai in 2009 was celebrated with a commemorative conference.

The research center supported the conference, which was organized by the East African Association for Paleoanthropology and Paleontology.

A report on this conference is now available online.

Joint Symposium of ROCEEH and BiK-F "Human Expansions and Global Change in the Pleistocene - Problems and Methods"
at Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum Frankfurt, Germany, Nov 16-19, 2009
including ROCEEH Workshops: Reconstructing Environments: Quantitative Methods and Infrastructure for the Assessment of Early Human Expansions

Program & Abstracts

"The Interaction Between Environment and Human Expansions in Southern Africa"
Iziko South African Museum Cape Town, South Africa, February 23-24, 2009

Workshop South Africa 2009

Program & Abstracts

conferences

Meetings, sessions, and workshops organized by ROCEEH members

Big Historical Data Conference

November 22–25, 2023, Jena

ROCEEH Session: Insights from reusing large prehistoric and interdisciplinary databases

Contact: christian.sommer@uni-tuebingen.de

The conference will be held in a hybrid format, allowing for both in-person and online participation. Free online access is available via the website https://bhdc.earth.

INQUA 2023

July 14-20, 2023, Rome, Italy

Session 45 "Plants as Resources for Early Humans - Availability and potential exploitation of useful wild plants throughout Pleistocene human history" organized by A. Bruch and K. Hahn

Abstract

Session 109 "Quaternary environments and human evolution: fossil record, phylogeny, paleobiology, paleoecology, and cultural models" organized by P. Sukumaran, C. Hertler, and P.R. Chauhan

Abstract

Session 131 "A global view on Early Pleistocene climate and vegetation dynamics" organized by K. Sniderman and A. Bruch

Abstract

CAA 2023 Conference

April 3–6, 2023, Amsterdam, Netherlands

Session 33 "Bayesian Inference in Archaeology: new applications and challenges" organized by S. Carrington, A. Cortell-Nicolau, E. Crema, and C. Sommer

Further information is available at: https://2023.caaconference.org/programme/sessions/

Congress of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association

November 7–12, 2022, 22nd Meeting of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association, Chiang Mai, Thailand

Session "Exploring Distant Shores: Simulating Dispersal Across Archipelagos," organized by Mika Rizki Puspaningrum and Christine Hertler

Abstract Session 16

top conferences

NECLIME Annual Conference 2022

November 21–24, 2022, online

Organized by Eliso Kvavadze, Maia Bukhsianidze, and Angela Bruch

Scientific program and abstract volume
Report

12th Annual Meeting of the European Society for the Study of Human Evolution (ESHE)

September 21–25, 2022, Tübingen

Co-organized by Andrew Kandel and ROCEEH with a ROAD database workshop on September 21

Eighth Biennial Conference of the Eastern African Association of Paleoanthropology and Paleontology (EAAPP)

July 31–August 7, 2022, Arusha, Tanzania

Co-organized and supported by ROCEEH

Workshop 'NECLIME early career scientists network'

October 8, 2021 online

Organized by Adele Bertini and Angela Bruch

NECLIME Online Conference 2021

April 19–21, 2021, online

Organized by A. Bruch, T. Utescher, A. Kern, M. Kováčová, and M. Stebich

Conference report

Due to the coronavirus pandemic, no conferences were held.

47th Annual Conference on Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA)

April 23-27, 2019, Krakow, Poland

Session 2: Advances in WebGIS and DB solutions for archaeology

Organized by M. Matsumoto, E. Uleberg, V. Hochschild, M. Märker, and C. Willmes

METHOD IFG Workshop 2019: Modeling Humans and their behavior around the MPR–from data to models - Closing Workshop

April 29-30, 2019, Rome, Italy

Modeling Environmental Dynamics and Hominin Dispersals Around the Mid-Pleistocene Revolution (METHOD)

Organized by D. Magri, E. Hölzchen, and C. Hertler
 

NECLIME Workshop: Taxonomy of Neogene Palynomorphs

Weimar, Germany, June 17–20, 2019

NECLIME working group

NECLIME news

International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA)

Dublin, Ireland, July 25–31, 2019

Two sessions co-organized by ROCEEH:

• Session 20: Before and after the earliest Homo dispersal in Eurasia: Early-Middle Pleistocene faunas and vegetation and the dynamics of the Human Resource Space (Raffaele Sardella, Daniel Demiguel, Lorenzo Rook, Angela Bruch, Christine Hertler, Natalia Rudaya) abstract
• Session 12: Human and non-human responses to the mid-Pleistocene transition (Ericson Hölzchen, Lutz Maul, Maria Rita Palombo) abstract

East African Association for Paleoanthropology and Paleontology, 7th biannual conference

Nairobi, Kenya, August 1–4, 2019

ROAD Workshop, meeting co-financed by ROCEEH

schedule

abstracts

Caves as Natural and Cultural Monuments International Conference

Yerevan, Armenia, September 11–13, 2019

website

Neogene Climate Evolution in Eurasia (NECLIME) Annual Meeting

St. Petersburg, Russia, September 25–27, 2019

Organized by S. Popova, T. Utescher, and D. Gromyko

co-organized by A. Bruch

• The resource space of Early Homo in Europe - implications from vegetation dynamics and plant food resource availability in the Caucasus (A.A. Bruch, A. Papikyan, I. Gabrielyan, E. Kvavadze)
• Early Pleistocene climate and regional environments in Southern Spain - A paleontological study of lake sediments in the Baza Basin, SE Spain (Y. Altolaguirre, A.A. Bruch, L. Gibert)
• A contribution to vegetation reconstruction based on paleocarpological material from Lake Sevan's Holocene peat bog (E. Hakobyan, I. Gabrielyan, E. Martinetto, A.A. Bruch)

NECLIME news

German-Israeli Symposium, Frontiers of Humanities

November 17-20, 2019, Jerusalem, Israel

Symposium: Prehistoric Archaeology

organized by A. Kandel

Ecosystem isolation and connection: rise and demise of biota in the Pontocaspian region Interim colloquium of RCMNS and EU PRIDE final conference in Tbilisi, Georgia, August 27-29, 2018

10th European Palaeobotany and Palynology Conference EPPC in Dublin, Ireland, August 12-17, 2018

• Session 3: Neogene and Quaternary Terrestrial Ecosystems in the Southern Caucasus (Jordi Agusti & Angela A. Bruch)
• Session 25: Cenozoic plant diversity gradients in time and space and their impact on early humans (ROCEEH/NECLIME) (Angela A. Bruch, Alexandra-Jane Henrot, Louis François, Natalia Rudaya & Torsten Utescher)

CAA in Tübingen, Germany, March 19-23, 2018

ROCEEH co-organized the 2018 Computer Applications and Quantitative Methods in Archaeology (CAA) international conference.

ROCEEH organized several sessions and workshops:

• Session 10: Expanding horizons: confronting issues of scale, resolution, and representation in the study of human expansions (Benjamin Davies & Nicholas Conard)
• Session 17: Early human land use strategies during Middle and Late Pleistocene glacial and interglacial times in Europe (Angela A. Bruch & Michael Bolus)
• Session 27: Map management and WebGIS applications for archaeological database solutions (pdf) (Espen Uleberg, Mieko Matsumoto, Michael Märker, Christian Sommer & Volker Hochschild)
• Session 36: Advantages and Limitations of Spatial Applications in Archaeology (Geraldine Queneherve, Michael Maerker & Felix Bachofer)
• Workshop 9: The ROAD database as a data management and search tool (Zara Kanaeva & Andrew W. Kandel)
• Workshop 6: Remote sensing with open source tools for geoarcheological survey (Felix Bachofer & Christian Sommer)

ROCEEH co-organized the 18th annual meeting of the NECLIME (Neogene Climate Evolution in Eurasia) consortium at the Botanical Institute of the National Academy of Sciences in Yerevan, Armenia, September 18-24, 2017.

In the context of the NECLIME conference, ROCEEH organized a three-day workshop (as part of the PlantBITES project), where young scientists from Georgia and Armenia were introduced to the quantitative techniques of paleoenvironmental reconstruction developed by NECLIME.

INQUA IFG “Modeling Environmental Dynamics and Hominin Dispersals Around the Mid-Pleistocene Revolution (METHOD)” in Sassari, Italy, September 13–15, 2016

Workshop co-organized by ROCEEH

Training Lab 2015-I C. Hertler: Data availability, management, and storage – Working with databases

DCH 2015 Berlin, Germany, October 28-30, 2015

ROCEEH was a co-organizer of the Digital Humanities Conference.

• Session 4: Sebastian Vogel, Michael Märker, Florian Seiler The SALVE Research Project: Sarno River plain – Ancient Life in the Vesuvian Environment
• Session 5: Volker Hochschild, Michael Märker ROAD – A Platform for Interdisciplinary Research on Early Humans
• Session 8: Michael Märker, Geraldine Quénéhervé, Felix Bachofer Landscape Reconstruction and Archaeological Site Prediction in the Lake Manyara Area, Northern Tanzania

CAA in Siena, Italy, March 30–April 3, 2015

ROCEEH organized two sessions:

• 5G How to reveal geographic relations in databases on cultural heritage (Michael Märker, Espen Uleberg, Volker Hochschild, Mieko Matsumoto)
• 5L Modeling large-scale human dispersals: data, pattern, and process (Michael Märker, Christine Hertler, Iza Romanowska)

CAA website

UISPP in Burgos, Spain, September 1-7, 2014

• A21b "Technological change and behavioral variability in the MSA" (Regine Stolarczyk)
• A2d Contextualizing Schöningen (Miriam Haidle)
• A2f. Pleistocene human dispersals: climate, ecology, and social behavior (Angela Bruch)
• A21a: Neanderthals on their own terms: new perspectives for the study of Middle Paleolithic behavior. (Michael Bolus & Michael Märker)
• A21c Movements in and Out for Africa: Assemblage variability and population dynamics in Northeast Africa and Southwest Asia during the MSA and Middle Paleolithic (Knut Bretzke & Nicholas Conard)
• B13 Mathematical approaches for the study of human-fauna interactions in the Pleistocene (Christine Hertler, Rebekka Volmer & Ercison Hölzchen)
• B37 Lithic, Evolution, Science (Miriam Haidle)
• B53 The archaeology of early fire use (Miriam Haidle)

UISPP 2014

CAA in Paris, France, April 22-25, 2014

• Session S24/ Friday, April 25 Modeling approaches to study early humans in space and time Conveners: Michael Märker, Christine Hertler, and Yasuhisha Kondo
• Session S13/ Friday, April 25 Databases on cultural heritage and their geographic visualization Convener: Michael Märker, Espen Uleberg, Volker Hochschild

CAA website

EGU General Assembly in Vienna, Austria, April 27–May 2, 2014

with Session SSP4.2 "Always look on the bright side… - Environmental constraints of early human expansions" by Finn Viehberg, Angela Bruch, Minoru Yoneda

abstract

9th European Palaeobotany and Palynology Conference in Padova, Italy, August 26-31, 2014

with Session "Cenozoic vegetation quantification with models and proxy data (a NECLIME and ROCEEH contribution)" by L. François, A. A. Bruch, T. Utescher

EGU General Assembly in Vienna, Austria, April 7-12, 2013

Session SSP4.1 "Should I stay or should I go—the role of climate in early expansions of humans" by Finn Viehberg, Angela Bruch, Minoru Yoneda

abstract

14th Congress of the Regional Committee on Mediterranean Neogene Stratigraphy (RCMNS) in Istanbul, Turkey, September 8–12, 2013

ROCEEH / VW workshop "The role of the Southern Caucasus in early human evolution and expansion – refuge, hub, or source area?" in Tbilisi, Georgia, October 15–20, 2013, by Angela Bruch, David Lordkipanidze

International Organization of Palaeobotany Conference (IOPC) in Tokyo, Japan, August 23-30, 2012

Meeting of the European Society for the Study of Human Evolution (ESHE) in Bordeaux, France, September 21-22, 2012

Interim Colloquium Regional Committee on Mediterranean Neogene Stratigraphy (RCMNS) in Bucharest, Romania, September 27-30, 2012

Conference on Neogene Climate Evolution in Eurasia (NECLIME) in Sofia, Bulgaria, October 1-4, 2012

alumni

Dr. Yul Altolaguirre Zancajo

Paleobotany, Frankfurt

Title of the dissertation: “High-resolution palynological analysis of the Early Pleistocene regional environment before, during, and after the first expansion of early Homo into Southern Spain” (DOI: 10.21248/gups.67186.)

Dr. Felix Bachofer

Geography, Tübingen

Title of dissertation: "Remote Sensing in Landscape Reconstruction Applications - Paleo-Landscape Research in a Semiarid Environment in Northern Tanzania"

Email to felix.bachofer[at]dlr.de

Current research: DLR Earth Observation Center, ORCID, and Research Gate

Dr. Gregor Bader

Archeology, Tübingen

Title of the dissertation: "On the variability of Middle Stone Age lithic technology during MIS3 in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa"

Email to gregor.bader[at]uni-tuebingen.de

Current research: ORCID and Senckenberg Centre for Human Evolution and Palaeoenvironment, Tübingen

Dr. Knut Bretzke

Archeology, Tübingen

Title of the dissertation: "Diachronic studies of Paleolithic land use in western Syria"

Email to bretzke[at]uni-tuebingen.de

Dr. Armando Falcucci

Archeology, Tübingen

Title of the dissertation: "A critical assessment of the Aurignacian: Insights from Fumane Cave in northern Italy"

Email to armando.falcucci[at]ifu.uni-tuebingen.de

Current research: University of Tübingen

Dr. Riczar Fuentes

Archeology, Tübingen

Title of dissertation: "Detecting microscopic aspects of Late Pleistocene to Early/Mid Holocene lithic technology in Island Southeast Asia: Perspectives from North and Central Sulawesi" (publication)

Email to rfuentes[at]ateneo.edu

Current research: Ateneo de Manila University

Dr. Duilio Garofoli

Paleocognition, Tübingen

Title of the dissertation: "Neanderthal cognitive equivalence: epistemological problems and a critical analysis from radical embodiment"

Current research: Academia

Dr. Liane Giemsch

Archeology, Tübingen

Title of dissertation: "Makuyuni. Acheulean sites at Lake Manyara, Tanzania. A contribution to research on Middle Pleistocene culture in East Africa" (publication)

Email to liane.giemsch[at]city-of-frankfurt.de

Current research: Frankfurt Archaeological Museum

Dr. Ericson Wooden Stick

Paleobiology, Frankfurt

Thesis title: "Concept 'Out of Africa' by means of Agent-based Modeling (ABM)"

(Related publications: Hölzchen, E. et al. (2021): Discovering the opposite shore: How did hominins cross sea straits? PLoS One 16(6), e0252885. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252885. - Hölzchen, E. et al. (2022): Estimating crossing success of human agents across sea straits out of Africa in the Late Pleistocene. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 590, 110845. DOI: 10.1016/j.palaeo.2022.110845. - Hölzchen, E. et al. (2016): Evaluation of Out of Africa hypotheses by means of agent-based modeling. Quaternary International 413, Part B, 78–90, DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2015.11.022.)

Email to hoelzchen[at]uni-trier.de

Current research: ROCEEH, DKFI

Dr. Trine Kellberg Nielsen

Aarhus University, Denmark, external research work in archaeology at the University of Tübingen

Title of dissertation: "Aarhus University, Denmark, external research at Archaeology, Tübingen - "Northern Neanderthals – A systematic assessment of pre-modern human colonization of South Scandinavia"

Email to trinekellberg[at]cas.au.dk

Current research: Neanderedge Aarhus University

Dr. Regine Klein

Paleocognition, Tübingen

Title of dissertation: "Innovations in South Africa's Middle Stone Age: The analysis of bone artifacts and heat treatment from an action-oriented perspective." (Publication)

Email regine.klein[at]web.de or regine.stolarczyk[at]uni-tuebingen.de

Dr. Davor Löffler

Paleocognition, Tübingen

Title of dissertation: "Recursion of civilizational capacities as a pattern of development in the history of civilization. Investigation of the possibility of linking the paleoanthropological model of the expansion of cultural capacities with Arno Bammé's theory of axial caesuras" published as "Löffler, Davor. Generative Realities I: Technological Civilization as a New Axial Age and Stage of Civilization. An Anthropology of the 21st Century. Weilerswist: Velbrück Wissenschaft 2019, 784 pages" (publication)

Email to contact[at]davorloeffler.com

Current research: Dr. Davor Löffler earned his doctorate in sociology at Freie Universität Berlin with an interdisciplinary thesis on technological anthropology and social evolution with a focus on transformation studies. He currently lectures on the history of globalization and futurology at the Department of Sociology at the University of Basel and on the history of knowledge at Leuphana University Lüneburg. His research focuses on the question of the concept of humanity in the 21st century and the corresponding social transformations based on new technologies.

Dr. Geraldine Quénéhervé

Geography, Tübingen

Dr. Steffen Scharrer

Paleobotany, Frankfurt

Title of dissertation: "Early Pleistocene vegetation development in the Southern Caucasus: pollen analysis of lake sediments in the Vorotan Basin (Armenia)" ( publication)

Email to steffen.scharrer[at]t-online.de

Dr. Viola Schmid

Archeology, Tübingen

Title of the dissertation: "The C-A layers of Sibudu Cave (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa) in light of MSA lithic technologies in MIS 5"

Email to viola.schmid@oeaw.ac.at

Current research: Austrian Academy of Sciences, Austrian Archaeological Institute, Vienna

Dr. Rebekka Volmer

Paleobiology, Frankfurt

Title of dissertation: "Structure and shared use of food resources in fossil carnivore guilds" (publication)

Email to rebekka.volmer[at]senckenberg.de

Dr. Manuel Will

Archeology, Tübingen

Title of dissertation: "Lithic technology and behavioral variability during the Middle Stone Age of southern Africa: implications for the evolution and dispersal of early modern humans" ( Publication)

Email to manuel.will[at]uni-tuebingen.de

Dr. Reza Zakerinejad

Geography, Tübingen

Contact:

Alexander Janas

cc Nicholas Conard

Hohle Fels is located in the Ach river valley at the base of a Jurassic limestone outcrop, just northeast of the town of Schelklingen. With a volume of about 6,000 cubic meters, the cave is one of the largest in the Swabian Jura. Hohle Fels Cave provides an important record of the cultural stratigraphy of the Middle Paleolithic, Aurignacian, Gravettian, and Magdalenian periods, but is particularly well-known for its Aurignacian and Gravettian finds. Hohle Fels Cave provides one of the rare opportunities to investigate the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition from Neanderthals to anatomically modern humans using modern excavation methods. Noteworthy finds include a female figurine and flutes from the Early Aurignacian layers representing the oldest evidence of figurative art and musical instruments worldwide.

The Paleolithic site of Vogelherd is located in the Lone river valley northwest of the town of Niederstotzingen. The site was excavated in 1931 in just 12 weeks and provided examples of mammoth ivory figurines from the Aurignacian as well as important lithic and faunal assemblages from the Middle and Upper Paleolithic. Excavation of the back dirt from 2005 to 2010 yielded many important Paleolithic finds, mainly from the Aurignacian deposits, including numerous examples of figurative art and personal ornaments. Vogelherd is a key site for investigating the transition from Neanderthals to anatomically modern humans.

The Schöningen site is located on the edge of a large brown coal mine in Lower Saxony. In the 1990s, the site yielded eight wooden lances and several horse skeletons from deposits dating back approximately 300,000 years. These finds document that the cultural performances and social interactions of archaic Homo were more sophisticated than previously known.

• Bader, G. D., Sommer, C., Linstädter, J., Masia, D. P., Blessing, M. A., Forrester, B., & MacDonald, B. L. (2025): Decoding hunter-gatherer knowledge and selective choice of lithic raw materials during the Middle and Later Stone Age in Eswatini. Journal of Archaeological Science, 180, 106302. DOI: 10.1016/j.jas.2025.106302.
• Baumann, C., Kandel, A.W., & Hussain, S.T. (2025). Evidence for the catalytic role of humans in the assembly and evolution of European Late Pleistocene scavenger guilds. Quaternary Science Reviews, 349, 109148. ISSN 0277-3791, DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109148.
• Beekman, C.S., Kandel, A.W., Barceló, J.A., Kiddey, R., Kienon-Kaboré, H.T., Ragsdale, C.S., Koffi, K.S., Touré, G.N., Mameli, L., Altschul, J.H., Lee, C., Thiaw, I. (2025): A collaborative synthetic view of migration in archaeology: Addressing challenges for policymakers. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology 78, 101667, ISSN 0278-4165, DOI: 10.1016/j.jaa.2025.101667.
• Blanco-Lapaz, A., Luzi, E., Serangeli, J., & Conard, N.J. (2025): The secret of the lake. The role of fish during the Middle Pleistocene at Schöningen (northern Germany). Conference paper: Hugo Obermaier Society for Quaternary Research and Archaeology of the Stone Age, 66th Annual Meeting in Faro, Portugal. ISBN: 978-3-946387-62-6, pp. 27-28.
• Bruch, A.A., Kern, A.K., Stebich, M., Weitzel, N., Bolus, M. (2025): Large-scale vegetation shifts during substantial warming — Proxy-based biome reconstructions of MIS 6 and MIS 5e in Europe. Quaternary Science Reviews 356, 109308. DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2025.109308.
• Casas-Gallego, M., Postigo-Mijarra, J.M., Sánchez-de Dios, R., Barrón, E., Bruch, A.A., Hahn, K., Sainz-Ollero, H. (2025): Changes in distribution of the Iberian vegetation since the Last Glacial Maximum: A model-based approach. Quaternary Science Reviews 351, 109162. DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.109162.
• Hallett, E.Y., Leonardi, M., Cerasoni, J.N., Will, M., Beyer, R., Krapp, M., Kandel, A.W., Manica, A., & Scerri, E.M. (2025): Major expansion in the human niche preceded out of Africa dispersal. Nature (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-025-09154-0.
• Hertler, C., van der Geer, A.A.E., Puspaningrum, M.R., Reschke, J.-O., Anwar, I.P., & Hölzchen, E. (2025). Stegodon SEA-crossing: Swim, shrink, and disperse. Earth, History and Biodiversity 4, 100026. DOI: 10.1016/j.hisbio.2025.100026.
• Jarl, J., Gasparyan, B., Kandel, A.W., Smith, A., Bruch, A.A. (2025): A High-Resolution Paleoenvironmental Record Based on Phytoliths from the Armenian Highlands: The Upper Paleolithic of Aghitu-3 Cave. Available at SSRN or DOI: 10.2139/ssrn.5087291.
• Mata-Gonzales, M., Starkovich, B.M., Zeidi, M., & Conard, N.J. (2025). Prey choice and changes in site occupation intensity during the Middle and Upper Paleolithic at Ghar-e Boof (southern Zagros Mountains, Iran). Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 17:95. DOI: 10.1007/s12520-025-02191-w.
• Meyer, M.V., Haidle, M.N., Riede, F. (2025): Reconstructing situated learning in a community of practice using cognigrams: An ethnographic case study and its archaeological implications. Hunter-Gatherer Research 11/1, 41-74. DOI: 10.3828/hgr.2024.39.
• Möller, G.H.D., Mazel, A.D., Sommer, C. et al. (2025): Revisited and Revalorised: Technological and Refitting Studies at the Middle Stone Age Open-Air Knapping Site Jojosi 1 (KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa). Journal of Paleolithic Archaeology 8, 5. DOI: 10.1007/s41982-024-00205-y.
• Riedesel, S., Guérin, G., Thomsen, K. J., Sontag-González, M., Blessing, M., Botha, G. A., Hellers, M., Möller, G., Peffeköver, A., Sommer, C., Zander, A., & Will, M. (2025): A direct comparison of single-grain and multi-grain aliquot luminescence dating of feldspars from colluvial deposits in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Geochronology, 7(1), 59–81. DOI: 10.5194/gchron-7-59-2025.
• Schürch, B., Conard, N.J., Schmidt, P. (2025): Examining Gravettian and Magdalenian mobility and technological organization with IR spectroscopy. Scientific Report 15, 1897. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-84302-6.
• Smith, Krister T., Bruch, Angela A. (2025): Persistent greenhouse conditions in Eocene North America point to lower climate sensitivity. Communications Earth & Environment & (1), p. 352. DOI: 10.1038/s43247-025-02288-z.
• Zanolli, C., Hublin, J. J., Kullmer, O., Schrenk, F., Kgasi, L., Tawane, M., & Xing, S. (2025): Taxonomic revision of the SK 15 mandible based on bone and tooth structural organization. Journal of Human Evolution, 200, 103634. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2024.103634 (open access).

• Antonosyan, M., Roberts, P., Aspaturyan, N., Mkrtchyan, S., Lucas, M., Boxleitner, K., Jabbour, F., Hovhannisyan, A., Cieślik, A., Sahakyan, L., Avagyan, A., Spengler, R., Kandel, A.W., Petraglia, M., Boivin, N., Yepiskoposyan, L., & Amano, N. (2024). Multiproxy evidence for environmental stability in the Lesser Caucasus during the Late Pleistocene. Quaternary Science Reviews, 330, 108559. DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2024.108559.
• Conard, N.J. & Rots, V. (2024): Rope making in the Aurignacian of Central Europe more than 35,000 years ago. Science Advances 10 (5). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh5217.
• Dutkiewicz, E., Wolf, S., Velliky, E. C., & Conard, N. J. ( 2024): Constructing identity. Body decoration and modification in the Swabian Aurignacian. In: Benjamin Collins & April Nowell (eds.), Culturing the Body: Past Perspectives on Identity and Sociality. New York: Berghahn, 160-207. DOI: 10.1515/9781805394624-011.
• Haidle, M.N. (2024): Anything but 'old-fashioned': Innovations from the Paleolithic Age. Yearbook of the Heidelberg Academy of Sciences for 2023, 158-162.
• Haidle, M.N. (2024): Products, not prerequisites: the becoming of cultural models. In Bennardo, Giovanni, Victor C. de Munck, Stephen Chrisomalis (eds.), Cognition in and out of the mind. Advances in cultural model theory. Cham, Palgrave McMillan, 267-292. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-48181-9_11.
• Haidle, M.N. ( 2024): Understanding the world anew. Tools as keys to old and new spaces. In Berresheim, Tim (ed.), New Old World 2002-2024. Bad Aachen, Studios New Amerika, 10-38.
• Haidle, M.N. ( 2024): Was Neanderthal man stupid? Cerveau & Psycho 163, March 2024, 90-91.
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• Kandel, A. W. ( 2022): Invited comment on the article “Scaling of Hunter-Gatherer Camp Size and Human Sociality” by Lobo, J., Whitelaw, T., Bettencourt, L.M.A., Wiessner, P., Smith, M.E. & Ortman, S.. Current Anthropology 63, 68-94. DOI: 10.1086/719234.
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• Mahler, S., Shatilova, I., & Bruch, A.A. (2022). Neogene long-term trends in climate of the Colchic vegetation refuge in Western Georgia - Uplift versus global cooling. Review of Palbotany and Palynology, 296, 104546. DOI: 10.1016/j.revbalbo.2021.104546.
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• Mata-González, M., Starkovich, B.M., Zeidi, M., Conard, N.J. (2022): New zooarchaeological perspectives on the early Upper Paleolithic Rostamian sequence of Ghar-e Boof (southern Zagros Mountains, Iran). Quaternary Science Reviews 279, 107350. DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.107350.
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• Omran, A., Schröder, D., Sommer, C., Hochschild, V., & Märker, M. (2022): A GIS-based simulation and visualization tool for the assessment of gully erosion processes. Journal of Spatial Science, DOI: 10.1080/14498596.2022.2133020.
• Puspaningrum, M., Hertler, C., Hölzchen, E., Bruch, A., Anwar, I.P., Hascaryo, A.T., Reschke, J.-O., & Krüger, S. ( 2022): Living in Sangiran. In Kandel, A.W., Haidle, M.N., & Sommer, C. (eds.): Human Origins – Digital Future. An international conference about the future of archaeological and paleoanthropological databases. Heidelberg: Propylaeum, 51-52. DOI: 10.11588/propylaeum.882.c13447.
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• Rodríguez, J., Willmes, C., Sommer, C., & Mateos, A. (2022). Sustainable human population density in Western Europe between 560,000 and 360,000 years ago. Scientific Reports, 12, 6907. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-10642-w.
• Schlaudt, O. (2022): The Technocene: An Introduction to Evolutionary Philosophy of Technology. Frankfurt/Main, Klostermann.
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• Schürch, B., Wettengl, S., Fröhle, S., Conard, N.J., & Schmidt, P. (2022): The origin of chert in the Aurignacian of Vogelherd Cave investigated by infrared spectroscopy. PLoS ONE 17(8), e0272988. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272988.
• ter Schure, Anneke T.M., Bruch, Angela A., Kandel, Andrew W., Gasparyan, Boris, Bussmann, Rainer W., Brysting, Anne K., de Boer, Hugo J., Boessenkool, Sanne (2022): Sedimentary ancient DNA metabarcoding as a tool for assessing prehistoric plant use at the Upper Paleolithic cave site Aghitu-3, Armenia. Journal of Human Evolution 172, 103258. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103258
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• Schrenk, F. ( 2022): Richard Leakey (1944–2022). PaleoAnthropology, 2022/2, 413–414. DOI: 10.48738/2022.iss2.128
• Slon, V., Clark, J.L., Friesem, D.E., Orbach, M., Porat, N., Meyer, M., Kandel, A.W., & Shimelmitz, R. (2022). Extended longevity of DNA preservation in Levantine Paleolithic sediments, Sefunim Cave, Israel. Sci Rep 12, 14528. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17399-2.
• Sommer, C. & Hochschild, V. ( 2022): New perspectives for data exploration in ROAD. In A.W. Kandel, M.N. Haidle & C. Sommer (eds): Human Origins – Digital Future. An international conference about the future of archaeological and palaeoanthropological databases. Heidelberg: Propylaeum, 30-31. DOI: 10.11588/propylaeum.882.c13437.
• Sommer, C., Kandel, A.W., & Hochschild, V. (2022). The use of prehistoric ‘big data’ for mapping early human cultural networks. Journal of Maps, DOI: 10.1080/17445647.2022.2118628.
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• Taller, A. & Conard, N.J. (2022): Were the Technological Innovations of the Gravettian Triggered by Climatic Change? Insights from the Lithic Assemblages from Hohle Fels, SW Germany. PaleoAnthropology 2022, 1, 80-108. DOI: 10.48738/2022.iss1.103.
• Tribolo, C., Mercier, N., Martin, L., Taffin, N., Miller, C. E., Will, M., & Conard, N. (2022): Luminescence dating estimates for the coastal MSA sequence of Hoedjiespunt 1 (South Africa). Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, 41, 103320. DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.103320.
• Varis, A., Miller, C.E., Toniato, G., Janas, A., & Conard, N.J. ( 2022): Using Formation Processes to Explore Low-Density Sites and Settlement Patterns: A Case Study from the Swabian Jura. J Paleo Arch 5, 14. DOI: 10.1007/s41982-022-00127-7.
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• Verheijen, I., Starkovich, B.M., Serangeli, J., van Kolfschoten, T., & Conard, N.J. (2022, online first): Early evidence for bear exploitation during MIS 9 from the site of Schöningen 12 (Germany). Journal of Human Evolution, 103294. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2022.103294.
• Will, M., Bader, G.D., Sommer, C., Cooper, A., & Green, A. (2022). Coastal adaptations on the eastern seaboard of South Africa during the Pleistocene and Holocene? Current evidence and future perspectives from archaeology and marine geology. Frontiers in Earth Science, 10:964423. DOI: 10.3389/feart.2022.964423.
• Wolf, S. & Conard, N.J. (2022): Primitive Forms – Figurative Ice Age Art in Europe. Exhibition catalog, Museum Ulm. Ulm.
• Wolf, S. & Conard, N.J. (2022): World Heritage Site "Caves and Ice Age Art of the Swabian Alb": Germany's first prehistoric archaeological monument recognized by UNESCO. Yearbooks of the Nassau Society for Natural History 143, 101-129.
• Zanolli, C., Davies, T. W., Joannes-Boyau, R., Beaudet, A., Bruxelles, L., de Beer, F., Hoffman, J., Hublin, J.-J., Jakata, K., Kgasi, L., Kullmer, O., Macchiarelli, R., Pan, L., Schrenk, F., Santos, F., Stratford, D., Tawane, M., Thackeray, F., Xing, S., Zipfel, B., & Skinner, M. M. (2022). Dental data challenge the ubiquitous presence of Homo in the Cradle of Humankind. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(28), e2111212119. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2111212119.
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• Altolaguirre, Y., Schulz, M., Gibert, L., & Bruch, A.A. (2021). Mapping Early Pleistocene environments and the availability of plant food as a potential driver of early Homo presence in the Guadix-Baza Basin (Spain). Journal of Human Evolution, 155, 102986. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2021.102986.
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• Bertacchi, A., Gasparyan, B., Gruwier, B., Rivals, F., & Kandel, A.W. ( 2021): Upper Paleolithic Animal Exploitation in the Armenian Highlands: The Zooarchaeology of Aghitu-3 Cave. Quaternary International 587-588: 400-414. DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2020.04.029.
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• Bolus, M., Bruch, A., Haidle, M., Hertler, C., Heß, J., Kanaeva, Z., Kandel, A., Malina, M., & Sommer, C. ( 2021): Through human history with the new ROAD Summary Data Sheet. Archaeological Information 43, 413.
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• Bosino, A., Bernini, A., Botha, G.A., Bonacina, G., Pellegrini, L., Omran, A., Hochschild, V., Sommer, C., & Maerker, M. (2021): Geomorphology of the upper Mkhomazi River basin, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, with emphasis on late Pleistocene colluvial deposits. Journal of Maps 17(3), 5-16. DOI: 10.1080/17445647.2020.1790435.
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• Conard, N.J. (2021): A tribute to Narr (1952): On the stratigraphy of Upper Paleolithic types and type groups. E&G Quaternary Science Journal 70(2), 213-216. DOI: 10.3285/eg.02.1.06.
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• Conard, N.J. & Janas, A. (2021): Excavations at Hohle Fels: Finds from the Middle Paleolithic and new insights into Neanderthal hunting techniques. Archaeological Excavations in Baden Württemberg 2020 (2021), 60-65.
• Conard, N.J., Janas, A., Marcazzan, D., Miller, C.E., Richard, M., Schürch, B., & Tribolo, C. (2021): The Cultural and Chronostratigraphic Context of a New Leaf Point from Hohle Fels cave in the Ach Valley of Southwestern Germany. Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte 30, 41-66. DOI: 10.51315/mgfu.2021.30003
• Jabbour, F. & Kandel, A.W. (2021): Analysis of Upper Paleolithic stone artifacts from Aghitu-3 Cave, Armenia. The Role of Culture in Early Expansions of Humans (ROCEEH). Newsletter 19/2021, 4-6.
• Fuentes, R., Ono, R., Aziz, N., Sriwigati, Alamsyah, N., Sofian, H.O., Miranda, T., Faiz & Pawlik, A. (2021): Inferring human activities from the Late Pleistocene to Holocene in Topogaro 2, Central Sulawesi through use-wear analysis. Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 37, 102905. DOI: 10.1016/j.jasrep.2021.102905.
• Ghosh, R., Biswas, A., Bruch, A.A., Utescher, T., Sen, I., Paruya, D.K., Guha, A., Sultan-Ul-Islam, M., & Bera, S. (2021): Palaeoclimate estimates based on the late Miocene to early Pleistocene wood flora of the Bengal Basin: an insight into the climatic evolution of southern Asia. Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments 101(1), 141–162. DOI: 10.1007/s12549-020-00467-8.
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• Haidle, M.N. ( 2021): Detours to human thinking. In: Giemsch, L. & Haidle, M.N. (eds): Humanity – The beginnings of our culture. Companion volume to the exhibition. Mainz: Nünnerich-Asmus, 83-90.
• Haidle, M.N. ( 2021): Over the mountains, into the wide world. Traces of human expansion. In: Giemsch, L. & Haidle, M.N. (eds): Humanity – The beginnings of our culture. Companion volume to the exhibition. Mainz: Nünnerich-Asmus, 111-120.
• Haidle, M.N. (2021): Laudatio: Dr. Flavia Venditti, Twenty-second Recipient of the Tübingen Prize for Early Prehistory and Quaternary Ecology. Mitteilungen der GfU 29, 9-13. DOI: 10.51315/mgfu.2020.29001
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• Heydari, M., Guérin, G., Zeidi, M., & Conard, N.J. (2021): Bayesian luminescence dating at Ghār-e Boof, Iran, provides a new chronology for Middle and Upper Paleolithic in the southern Zagros. Journal of Human Evolution 151, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102926.
• Hochschild V., Braun A., Sommer C., Warth G., Omran A. (2021): Visualizing Landscapes by Geospatial Techniques. In: Edler D., Jenal C., Kühne O. (Eds.): Modern Approaches to the Visualization of Landscapes. RaumFragen: City – Region – Landscape. Springer VS, Wiesbaden. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-658-30956-5_4.
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• Klein, R.E. (2021): Innovations in South Africa's Middle Stone Age: The analysis of bone artifacts and heat treatment from an action-oriented perspective. Dissertation, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen. DOI: 10.15496/publikation-59344.
• Ono, R., Fuentes, R., Amano, N., Sofian, H. O., Aziz, N., & Pawlik, A. (2021, online first): Development of bone and lithic technologies by anatomically modern humans during the late Pleistocene to Holocene in Sulawesi and Wallacea. Quaternary International. DOI: 10.1016/j.quaint.2020.12.045.
• Rhodes, S.E. & Conard, N.J. (2021): A quantitative paleoclimatic reconstruction of the non-analogue environment of oxygen isotope stage 3: new data from small mammal records of southwestern Germany. Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences 13, 216. DOI: 10.1007/s12520-021-01363-8.
• Rots, V., Coppe, J., & Conard, N.J. (2021): A Leaf Point Documents Hunting with Spears in the Middle Paleolithic at Hohle Fels, Germany. Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte 30, 93–103. DOI: 10.51315/mgfu.2021.30004
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• Schürch, B., Wolf, S., & Conard, N.J. ( 2021): Mollusks of the genus Glycymeris from the Vogelherd Cave near Niederstotzingen (Lone Valley, southwestern Germany). Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte 29, 53-79. DOI: 10.51315/mgfu202029003
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• Schrenk, F. (2021): In the Beginning was Uselessness. In: Howard, M. & Parodi, L. (eds.): USELESSNESS - Humankind’s most valuable tool? De Gruyter, pp. 106-122.
• Shatilova I.I., Kokolashvili I.M., Bukhsianidze M.G., Koiava K.P., Maissuradze L.S., and Bruch A.A. (2021): Late Cenozoic bioevents on the territory of Georgia (foraminifera and pollen). Georgian National Museum, Tbilisi, Georgia. (Monograph).
• Sommer, C. (2021): Reconstruction of the Pleistocene Landscape of Southern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa by means of GIS, Remote Sensing and Geomorphological Techniques. Dissertation, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen. DOI: 10.15496/publikation-63042.
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• Velliky, E.C., MacDonald, B.L., Porr, M., & Conard, N.J. ( 2021): First large-scale provenance study of pigments reveals new complex behavioral patterns during the Upper Paleolithic of southwestern Germany. Archaeometry 63(1), 173-193. DOI: 10.1111/arcm.12611.
• Velliky, E.C., Schmidt, P., Bellot-Gurlet, L., Wolf, S., & Conard, N.J. (2021): Early anthropogenic use of hematite on Aurignacian ivory personal ornaments from Hohle Fels and Vogelherd caves, Germany. Journal of Human Evolution 150 (102900). DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2020.102900.

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• Altschul, J.H., Kintigh, K.W., Aldenderfer, M., Alonzi, E., Armit, I., Barceló, J.A., Beekman, C.S., Bickle, P., Bird, D.W., Ingram, S.E., Isayev, E., Kandel, A.W., Kiddey, R., Kienon-Kaboré, H.T., Niccolucci, F., Ragsdale, C.S., Scaffidi, B.K., & Ortman, S.G. (2020). Opinion: To understand how migrations affect human securities, look to the past. PNAS Aug 2020, 202015146. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2015146117.
• Bader, G., Bushozi, P., Will, M., Schmid, V., Val, A., Blessing, M., Schmidt, P., & Conard, N. J. (2020). Investigating the 1930s Kohl-Larsen collection from the Lake Eyasi Basin, Tanzania. Mitteilungen der Gesellschaft für Urgeschichte, 29, 93–103.
• Bataille, G., Falcucci, A., Tafelmaier, Y., & Conard, N.J. ( 2020): Technological differences between Kostenki 17/II (Spitsynskaya industry, Central Russia) and the Protoaurignacian: Reply to Dinnis et al. (2019). DOI: 10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102685.
• Baumann, C., Bocherens, H., Drucker, D.G., & Conard, N.J. (2020). Fox dietary ecology as a tracer of human impact on Pleistocene ecosystems. PLoS ONE, 15(7), e0235692. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235692.
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